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# Geant4 Installation Ubuntu 20.04 TLS
In this tutorial we will use Geant4 version 10.6.2, compiled with support of multithreading and Qt5 based Gui. The installation of Root was required
for some exercise in this tutorial.
On Linux systems we use recompiled version of Geant4 and use binary distribution for root installation.
Below we provide detailed instruction for installation on Ubuntu 20.04.
The installation for other Debian and Ubuntu like Linux'es will be similar but the name of libraries can slightly different. On linux you can use GNU *c++*, *clang* or Intel *icc* compilers, we describe only GNU *g++* installation.
The installation tested on VirtualBox VM running *Ubuntu 20.04* and Windows 10 WLS2 *Ubuntu 20.04* application.
## Ubuntu 20.04 Requirements
* Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Server or Desktop installation
* *build-essential*, *curl*, *g++*, *git* and *cmake* packages
* A Bourne-compatible shell for installation (e.g. *bash* or *zsh*)
* `sudo` for library installation and directory creation under `/usr/local`
## Installation of external dependancies for Geant4 and Root
Generally we follow installation rules for root described hire:
https://root.cern/install/dependencies/
Some dependancies like kerberos and mysql was dropped because we not use this features in the tutorial.
The libraries which we need for Geant4 compilation additionally installed.
We provide script `ubuntu20_deps.sh` for installation of external dependancies on Ubuntu 20.04 Server. This script must be executed ones.
The code snippet hire:
```
apt install -y qt5-default
apt install -y libxerces-c-dev
apt install -y gfortran
apt install -y python3-dev python3-numpy-dev
apt install -y libxpm-dev libxft-dev libxmu-dev
apt install -y libssl-dev
apt-get install -y libpcre3-dev xlibmesa-glu-dev \
libglew1.5-dev libftgl-dev libfftw3-dev libcfitsio-dev \
chmod +x /usr/local/root/bin/thisroot.*
graphviz-dev libxml2-dev libgsl0-dev
```
## Installation of Root application
The root installation was required for some exercise in this tutorial. On Ubuntu20 you may download tar files with root binaries precompiled for Ubuntu-20.04 from https://root.cern/download/
`curl -SLO https://root.cern/download/root_v6.22.02.Linux-ubuntu20-x86_64-gcc9.3.tar.gz`
We install both root and geant4 into /usr/local directory:
`sudo tar zxf root_v6.22.02.Linux-ubuntu20-x86_64-gcc9.3.tar.gz -C /usr/local/`
`sudo chown -R `id -un`:`id -gn` /usr/local/root`
`chmod +x /usr/local/root/bin/thisroot.*`
All installation steps summarized in script `ubuntu20_root.sh`.
The root installed in _relocatable_ mode, before use root you must setup root environment sourcing _thisroot.sh_ from
root installation directory:
`source /usr/local/root/bin/thisroot.sh`
Visit http://root.cern.ch for more information about Root.
## Geant4 installation
Install development tools and compilers packages _build-essential_, _cmake_:
`sudo apt install -y build-essential`
`sudo install -y cmake`
This is already done if you use _unitu20_deps.sh_ script to install dependancies.
Not forget to install you favorite editor, e.g _Emacs_ :
`sudo apt install -y emacs`
You can install precompiled version of geant4 which we
provide for this tutorial. You can download tar file with precompiled geant4 `geant4_v10.6.02.Linux-ubuntu20-x86_64-gcc9.3.tar.gz` from this link:
...
The script `ubuntu20_geant4.sh`can be used to downloading and installation of Geant4.
https://llrbox.in2p3.fr/owncloud/index.php/s/uPs1rYmcLXArkPm
N.B. geant4 setup scripts geant4.[c]sh and geant4-config not a relocatable you need install Geant4 into `/usr/local/geant4/10.6.2` or edit this scripts to fix paths to the data.
If you install precompiled version you can skeep **Build Geant4** section and go to **Setup développement environment for tutorial**.
## Build Geant4
You can download geant4 sources from https://geant4.web.cern.ch/support/download
or clone geant4 repository. We use `git clone ...` for installation.
In Terminal window type the commands:
`git clone https://gitlab.cern.ch/geant4/geant4.git`
`cd geant4/`
`git checkout geant4-10.6-release`
This fill make a clone of latest geant4 10.6.x release on local disk.
The root and geant4 installed with current user as owner.
You need create target directory owned my current user:
`sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/geant4/10.6.2`
`sudo chown -R `id -un`:`id -gn` /usr/local/geant4`
Now you can compile and install geant4:
```
mkdir geant4-build
cd geant4-build
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/geant4/10.6.2 \
-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RelWithDebInfo -DGEANT4_BUILD_MULTITHREADED=ON \
-DXERCESC_ROOT_DIR=/usr -DXERCESC_LIBRARY=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxerces-c.so \
-DGEANT4_INSTALL_DATA=ON -DGEANT4_USE_GDML=ON -DGEANT4_USE_QT=ON \
-DGEANT4_USE_OPENGL_X11=ON -DGEANT4_ENABLE_TESTING=OFF ../geant4
```
```
cmake --build . --target install -- -j4
```
The gant4 installed into `/usr/local/geant4/10.6.2` directory.
The installation script `install-geant4-1062.sh` will do all this steps.
## Setup développement environment for tutorial
In order to use Geant4 you need define variables pointed to Geant4 datasets locations.
This can be done by sourcing geant4.sh script. For homebrew installation the command is:`source /usr/local/bin/geant4.sh`
In git repository you can found bash script `setup_env.sh` with allow setup root and geant4.
The code snippet hire:
```
# Root 6
if [ -x /usr/local/root/bin/thisroot.sh ]; then
. /usr/local/root/bin/thisroot.sh
fi
# Geant4
if [ -x /usr/local/geant4/10.6.2/bin/geant4.sh ]; then
. /usr/local/geant4/10.6.2/bin/geant4.sh
fi
```
You can source this script before start to work with geant4 project or put the line to `.bash_profile` to setup environment automatically on each login.
## Testing of installation
### 1. Open New Terminal Window
### 2. Source `setup_env.sh` if not done with `.bash_profile`
- `source ~/setup_env.sh`
### 3. Start Root and type `.demo`
```
$ root
------------------------------------------------------------------
| Welcome to ROOT 6.22/02 https://root.cern |
| (c) 1995-2020, The ROOT Team; conception: R. Brun, F. Rademakers |
| Built for linuxx8664gcc on Aug 17 2020, 12:46:52 |
| From tags/v6-22-02@v6-22-02 |
| Try '.help', '.demo', '.license', '.credits', '.quit'/'.q' |
------------------------------------------------------------------
root [0] .demo
You will see root demo bar and can run some demos clicking on demo menu.
You need go from up to down in menu , some dome depend from previous demo results.
To quit root type .q on root prompt
root [1] .q
Taking a break from ROOT? Hope to see you back!
$
```
### 4. Test Geant4 installation
You can try to compile and run one of geant4 examples.
E.g. basic B5 example.
```
$ cd ~/tmp
$ mkdir B5-build
$ cd B5-build
$ cmake /usr/local/geant4/10.6.2/share/Geant4-10.6.2/examples/basic/B5
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 9.3.0
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 9.3.0
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Found EXPAT: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libexpat.so (found suitable version "2.2.9", minimum required is "2.2.9")
-- Found XercesC: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxerces-c.so (found suitable version "3.2.2", minimum required is "3.2.2")
-- Found OpenGL: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGL.so
-- Found X11: /usr/include
-- Looking for XOpenDisplay in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11.so;/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXext.so
-- Looking for XOpenDisplay in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11.so;/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXext.so - found
-- Looking for gethostbyname
-- Looking for gethostbyname - found
-- Looking for connect
-- Looking for connect - found
-- Looking for remove
-- Looking for remove - found
-- Looking for shmat
-- Looking for shmat - found
-- Looking for IceConnectionNumber in ICE
-- Looking for IceConnectionNumber in ICE - found
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/semenjuk/tmp/B5-build
```
```
$ make
Scanning dependencies of target exampleB5
[ 5%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB5.dir/exampleB5.cc.o
[ 11%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB5.dir/src/B5ActionInitialization.cc.o
[ 17%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB5.dir/src/B5CellParameterisation.cc.o
[ 23%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB5.dir/src/B5DetectorConstruction.cc.o
[ 29%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB5.dir/src/B5DriftChamberHit.cc.o
[ 35%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB5.dir/src/B5DriftChamberSD.cc.o
[ 41%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB5.dir/src/B5EmCalorimeterHit.cc.o
[ 47%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB5.dir/src/B5EmCalorimeterSD.cc.o
[ 52%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB5.dir/src/B5EventAction.cc.o
[ 58%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB5.dir/src/B5HadCalorimeterHit.cc.o
[ 64%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB5.dir/src/B5HadCalorimeterSD.cc.o
[ 70%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB5.dir/src/B5HodoscopeHit.cc.o
[ 76%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB5.dir/src/B5HodoscopeSD.cc.o
[ 82%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB5.dir/src/B5MagneticField.cc.o
[ 88%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB5.dir/src/B5PrimaryGeneratorAction.cc.o
[ 94%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB5.dir/src/B5RunAction.cc.o
[100%] Linking CXX executable exampleB5
[100%] Built target exampleB5
The compilation finished successfully
```
Now you can run executable without parameters.
This will open interactive QTGUI window.
You can generate N events typing filed
Session : `/run/beamOn N`
Or use command: `exit` to quit application
Below terminal output:
```
$ ./exampleB5
Available UI session types: [ Qt, GAG, tcsh, csh ]
QStandardPaths: XDG_RUNTIME_DIR not set, defaulting to '/tmp/runtime-semenjuk'
G4WT0 > Using Root
G4WT1 > Using Root
G4WT1 > /control/saveHistory
G4WT0 > /control/saveHistory
G4WT1 > /run/verbose 2
G4WT0 > /run/verbose 2
G4WT1 > /run/initialize
G4WT0 > /run/initialize
G4WT0 > /run/physicsModified
G4WT1 > /run/physicsModified
G4WT1 > /control/verbose 2
G4WT0 > /control/verbose 2
...
<snip>
...
================== Deleting memory pools ===================
Pool ID '20G4NavigationLevelRep', size : 0.00288 MB
Pool ID '24G4ReferenceCountedHandleIvE', size : 0.000961 MB
Pool ID '15G4CountedObjectIvE', size : 0.000961 MB
Number of memory pools allocated: 3; of which, static: 0
Dynamic pools deleted: 3 / Total memory freed: 0.0048 MB
============================================================
G4Allocator objects are deleted.
UImanager deleted.
StateManager deleted.
RunManagerKernel is deleted. Good bye :)
```
#### You must not see and crash dump!
## Tips ##
- geant4
- you check the geant4 datasets installations using command:
`geant4-config --check-datasets`
- `geant4-config --help` also show geant4 features ( configuration options )
Visit geant4 installation Gide for info:
http://geant4-userdoc.web.cern.ch/geant4-userdoc/UsersGuides/InstallationGuide/html/
- zsh
- if you use zsh you need use .zprofile on place of .bash_profile
- use *source* not a *.* to source setup scripts