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## Geant4 Installation on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS ## Geant4 Installation on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS
[[_TOC_]] [[_TOC_]]
In this tutorial we will use Geant4 version 11.2.1, compiled with the support of multithreading, GDML and Qt5 based Gui. In this tutorial we will use Geant4 version 11.3.1, compiled with the support of multithreading, GDML and Qt5 based Gui.
On Linux systems we use a compiled version of Geant4 and a binary distribution for ROOT installations. On Linux systems we use a compiled version of Geant4 and a binary distribution for ROOT installations.
Below we provide detailed instructions for the installation on Ubuntu 22.04. Below we provide detailed instructions for the installation on Ubuntu 22.04.
The installation for other Debian and Ubuntu like Linux'es will be similar but the names of libraries can be slightly different. On Linux you can use GNU *c++*, *clang* or Intel *icc* compilers, we describe only the GNU *g++* installation. The installation for other Debian and Ubuntu like Linux'es will be similar but the names of libraries can be slightly different. On Linux you can use GNU *c++*, *clang* or Intel *icc* compilers, we describe only the GNU *g++* installation.
The installation was tested Windows 11 WLS2 *Ubuntu* application. The installation was tested Windows 11 WLS2 *Ubuntu* application and gcc 13.3.
## Ubuntu 22.04 Requirements ## Ubuntu 24.04 Requirements
* Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Server or Desktop installation * Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Server or Desktop installation
* *build-essential*, *curl*, *g++*, *git* and *cmake* packages * *build-essential*, *curl*, *g++*, *git* and *cmake* packages
* A Bourne-compatible shell for installation (e.g. *bash* or *zsh*) * A Bourne-compatible shell for installation (e.g. *bash* or *zsh*)
* `sudo` for library installation and directory creation under `/usr/local` * `sudo` for library installation and directory creation under `/usr/local`
...@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Generally we follow the installation rules for ROOT described here: ...@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Generally we follow the installation rules for ROOT described here:
https://root.cern/install/dependencies/ https://root.cern/install/dependencies/
Some dependencies like kerberos and mysql were dropped because we do not use these features in the tutorial. Some dependencies like kerberos and mysql were dropped because we do not use these features in the tutorial.
The libraries which we need for Geant4 compilation need to be installed first. For this, the `ubuntu22_deps.sh` script is provided for the Ubuntu 22.04 machine. The libraries which we need for Geant4 compilation need to be installed first. For this, the `ubuntu24_deps.sh` script is provided for the Ubuntu 24.04 machine.
This script must be executed only once. This script must be executed only once.
...@@ -54,13 +54,14 @@ apt install -y libfreetype6-dev ...@@ -54,13 +54,14 @@ apt install -y libfreetype6-dev
sudo apt update sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade sudo apt upgrade
``` ```
On Ubuntu 20.04 all qt dependencies can be installed via qt-defaults package, use the `ubuntu20_deps.sh` script to install dependencies.
> On Ubuntu 20.04 all qt dependencies can be installed via qt-defaults package, > use the `ubuntu20_deps.sh` script to install dependencies.
## ROOT Installation ## ROOT Installation
The ROOT installation is required for some exercises in this tutorial. The ROOT installation is required for some exercises in this tutorial.
The tar files with precompiled ROOT binaries for Ubuntu-22.04 can be downloaded from The tar files with precompiled ROOT binaries for Ubuntu-24.04 can be downloaded from
https://root.cern/download/: https://root.cern/download/:
`curl -SLO https://root.cern/download/root_v6.30.04.Linux-ubuntu22.04-x86_64-gcc11.4.tar.gz` `curl -SLO https://root.cern/download/root_v6.30.04.Linux-ubuntu22.04-x86_64-gcc11.4.tar.gz`
...@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ sudo chown -R `id -un`:`id -gn` /usr/local/root ...@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ sudo chown -R `id -un`:`id -gn` /usr/local/root
chmod +x /usr/local/root/bin/thisroot.* chmod +x /usr/local/root/bin/thisroot.*
``` ```
All installation steps are summarized in the `install-root-ubuntu22.sh` script. All installation steps are summarized in the `install-root-ubuntu24.sh` script.
ROOT is installed in _relocatable_ mode. ROOT is installed in _relocatable_ mode.
To use ROOT, you must set its environment sourcing the *thisroot.sh* script from To use ROOT, you must set its environment sourcing the *thisroot.sh* script from
...@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ Do not forget to install your favorite editor, e.g _Emacs_ : ...@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ Do not forget to install your favorite editor, e.g _Emacs_ :
You can install the precompiled version of Geant4 provided for this tutorial. You can download the tar file with precompiled Geant4 `geant4_v11.1.1.Linux-ubuntu20-x86_64-gcc9.4.tar.gz` from `llrnbox.in2p3.fr` server. The script `install-geant4-ubuntu.sh` can be used for downloading and installation of Geant4. You can install the precompiled version of Geant4 provided for this tutorial. You can download the tar file with precompiled Geant4 `geant4_v11.1.1.Linux-ubuntu20-x86_64-gcc9.4.tar.gz` from `llrnbox.in2p3.fr` server. The script `install-geant4-ubuntu.sh` can be used for downloading and installation of Geant4.
The link to tar.gz file with Geant4 11.2.1 binaries for Ubuntu 22.04 The link to tar.gz file with Geant4 11.3.1 binaries for Ubuntu 24.04
https://llrnbox.in2p3.fr/index.php/s/jNJcK7jHTmX3g97 https://llrnbox.in2p3.fr/index.php/s/jNJcK7jHTmX3g97
...@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ The md5 sum file: ...@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ The md5 sum file:
https://llrnbox.in2p3.fr/index.php/s/Y5yD3CZxYgGZxGA https://llrnbox.in2p3.fr/index.php/s/Y5yD3CZxYgGZxGA
N.B. You need to install Geant4 into `/usr/local/geant4/11.2.1`. N.B. You need to install Geant4 into `/usr/local/geant4/11.3.1`.
If you install the precompiled version you can skip **Build Geant4** section and go directly to **Environment**. If you install the precompiled version you can skip **Build Geant4** section and go directly to **Environment**.
...@@ -123,13 +124,13 @@ In the Terminal window type the commands: ...@@ -123,13 +124,13 @@ In the Terminal window type the commands:
``` ```
git clone https://gitlab.cern.ch/geant4/geant4.git git clone https://gitlab.cern.ch/geant4/geant4.git
cd geant4/ cd geant4/
git checkout v11.2.1 git checkout v11.3.1
This will create a clone of the Geant4 11.2.1 release on your local disk. This will create a clone of the Geant4 11.3.1 release on your local disk.
The ROOT and Geant4 are installed with the current user as owner. The ROOT and Geant4 are installed with the current user as owner.
You need to create a target directory owned by my current user: You need to create a target directory owned by my current user:
`sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/geant4/11.2.1` `sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/geant4/11.3.1`
`sudo chown -R `id -un`:`id -gn` /usr/local/geant4` `sudo chown -R `id -un`:`id -gn` /usr/local/geant4`
``` ```
...@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ Make build configuration files with cmake: ...@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ Make build configuration files with cmake:
``` ```
mkdir geant4-build mkdir geant4-build
cd geant4-build cd geant4-build
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/geant4/11.2.1 \ cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/geant4/11.3.1 \
-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RelWithDebInfo [ -DGEANT4_BUILD_MULTITHREADED=ON ] \ -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RelWithDebInfo [ -DGEANT4_BUILD_MULTITHREADED=ON ] \
-DGEANT4_INSTALL_DATA=ON -DGEANT4_USE_GDML=ON -DGEANT4_USE_QT=ON \ -DGEANT4_INSTALL_DATA=ON -DGEANT4_USE_GDML=ON -DGEANT4_USE_QT=ON \
-DGEANT4_USE_OPENGL_X11=ON [-DGEANT4_USE_FREETYPE=ON] ../geant4 -DGEANT4_USE_OPENGL_X11=ON [-DGEANT4_USE_FREETYPE=ON] ../geant4
...@@ -153,7 +154,7 @@ Now you can comile binaries and install Geant4: ...@@ -153,7 +154,7 @@ Now you can comile binaries and install Geant4:
cmake --build . --target install -- -j8 cmake --build . --target install -- -j8
``` ```
Geant4 is now installed in the `/usr/local/geant4/11.2.1` directory. Geant4 is now installed in the `/usr/local/geant4/11.3.1` directory.
The installation script `build-geant4-ubuntu.sh` will do all these steps. The installation script `build-geant4-ubuntu.sh` will do all these steps.
...@@ -171,8 +172,8 @@ if [ -x /usr/local/root/bin/thisroot.sh ]; then ...@@ -171,8 +172,8 @@ if [ -x /usr/local/root/bin/thisroot.sh ]; then
fi fi
# Geant4 # Geant4
if [ -x /usr/local/geant4/11.2.1/bin/geant4.sh ]; then if [ -x /usr/local/geant4/11.3.1/bin/geant4.sh ]; then
. /usr/local/geant4/11.2.1/bin/geant4.sh . /usr/local/geant4/11.3.1/bin/geant4.sh
fi fi
``` ```
...@@ -188,17 +189,16 @@ add these lines in your .bash_profile to get the environment set automatically w ...@@ -188,17 +189,16 @@ add these lines in your .bash_profile to get the environment set automatically w
### 3. Test ROOT Installation ### 3. Test ROOT Installation
Example of root v6.30/04.
Start the ROOT interactive session: Start the ROOT interactive session:
``` ```
$ root $ root
------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------
| Welcome to ROOT 6.30/04 https://root.cern | | Welcome to ROOT 6.34.08 https://root.cern |
| (c) 1995-2024, The ROOT Team; conception: R. Brun, F. Rademakers | | (c) 1995-2024, The ROOT Team; conception: R. Brun, F. Rademakers |
| Built for linuxx8664gcc on Jan 31 2024, 10:01:37 | | Built for linuxx8664gcc on Apr 07 2025, 20:24:19 |
| From heads/master@tags/v6-30-04 | | From tags/v6-34-08@v6-34-08 |
| With c++ (Ubuntu 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04) 11.4.0 | | With c++ (Ubuntu 13.3.0-6ubuntu2~24.04) 13.3.0 |
| Try '.help'/'.?', '.demo', '.license', '.credits', '.quit'/'.q' | | Try '.help'/'.?', '.demo', '.license', '.credits', '.quit'/'.q' |
------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------
``` ```
...@@ -229,13 +229,13 @@ E.g. basic B1 example. ...@@ -229,13 +229,13 @@ E.g. basic B1 example.
$ cd ~/tmp $ cd ~/tmp
$ mkdir B1-build $ mkdir B1-build
$ cd B1-build $ cd B1-build
$ cmake /usr/local/geant4/11.2.1/share/Geant4/examples/basic/B1 $ cmake /usr/local/geant4/11.3.1/share/Geant4/examples/basic/B1
``` ```
You should see something like the output below. Watch for eventual configuration errors. You should see something like the output below. Watch for eventual configuration errors.
``` ```
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 11.4.0 -- The C compiler identification is GNU 13.3.0
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 11.4.0 -- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 13.3.0
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info -- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done -- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc - skipped -- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc - skipped
...@@ -243,13 +243,17 @@ You should see something like the output below. Watch for eventual configuratio ...@@ -243,13 +243,17 @@ You should see something like the output below. Watch for eventual configuratio
-- Detecting C compile features - done -- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ - skipped -- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ - skipped
-- Detecting CXX compile features -- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done -- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Found EXPAT: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libexpat.so (found suitable version "2.2.9", minimum required is "2.2.9") -- Found EXPAT: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libexpat.so (found suitable version "2.6.1", minimum required is "2.6.1")
-- Found XercesC: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxerces-c.so (found suitable version "3.2.2", minimum required is "3.2.2") -- Performing Test CMAKE_HAVE_LIBC_PTHREAD
-- Found OpenGL: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGL.so -- Performing Test CMAKE_HAVE_LIBC_PTHREAD - Success
-- Found X11: /usr/include -- Found Threads: TRUE
-- Found XercesC: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxerces-c.so (found suitable version "3.2.4", minimum required is "3.2.4")
-- Found Freetype: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfreetype.so (found suitable version "2.13.2", minimum required is "2.13.2")
-- Found OpenGL: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libOpenGL.so
-- Found X11: /usr/include
-- Looking for XOpenDisplay in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11.so;/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXext.so -- Looking for XOpenDisplay in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11.so;/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXext.so
-- Looking for XOpenDisplay in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11.so;/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXext.so - found -- Looking for XOpenDisplay in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11.so;/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXext.so - found
-- Looking for gethostbyname -- Looking for gethostbyname
...@@ -262,26 +266,24 @@ You should see something like the output below. Watch for eventual configuratio ...@@ -262,26 +266,24 @@ You should see something like the output below. Watch for eventual configuratio
-- Looking for shmat - found -- Looking for shmat - found
-- Looking for IceConnectionNumber in ICE -- Looking for IceConnectionNumber in ICE
-- Looking for IceConnectionNumber in ICE - found -- Looking for IceConnectionNumber in ICE - found
-- Configuring done -- Found Geant4: /usr/local/geant4/11.3.1/lib/cmake/Geant4/Geant4Config.cmake (found version "11.3.1")
-- Generating done -- Configuring done (10.5s)
-- Generating done (0.0s)
-- Build files have been written to: /home/semenjuk/tmp/B1-build -- Build files have been written to: /home/semenjuk/tmp/B1-build
``` ```
Now you can build the application with `make -j4` where -j4 is the number of parallel make processes. Now you can build the application with `make -j8` where -j8 is the number of parallel make processes.
``` ```
$ make $ make -j8
Scanning dependencies of target exampleB1
[ 12%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/exampleB1.cc.o [ 12%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/exampleB1.cc.o
[ 25%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/src/B1ActionInitialization.cc.o [ 25%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/src/ActionInitialization.cc.o
[ 37%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/src/B1DetectorConstruction.cc.o [ 37%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/src/DetectorConstruction.cc.o
[ 50%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/src/B1EventAction.cc.o [ 50%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/src/EventAction.cc.o
[ 62%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/src/B1PrimaryGeneratorAction.cc.o [ 62%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/src/PrimaryGeneratorAction.cc.o
[ 75%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/src/B1RunAction.cc.o [ 75%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/src/SteppingAction.cc.o
[ 87%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/src/B1SteppingAction.cc.o [ 87%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/exampleB1.dir/src/RunAction.cc.o
[100%] Linking CXX executable exampleB1 [100%] Linking CXX executable exampleB1
[100%] Built target exampleB1 [100%] Built target exampleB1
The compilation finished successfully
``` ```
Now you can run the executable: Now you can run the executable:
...@@ -307,16 +309,19 @@ See below the expected program output in the terminal. ...@@ -307,16 +309,19 @@ See below the expected program output in the terminal.
``` ```
$ ./exampleB1 $ ./exampleB1
Available UI session types: [ Qt, GAG, tcsh, csh ] Available UI session types: [ Qt, tcsh, csh ]
QStandardPaths: XDG_RUNTIME_DIR not set, defaulting to '/tmp/runtime-semenjuk'
G4WT1 > /control/saveHistory **************************************************************
G4WT0 > /control/saveHistory Geant4 version Name: geant4-11-03-patch-01 [MT] (21-March-2025)
G4WT1 > /run/verbose 2 << in Multi-threaded mode >>
G4WT0 > /run/verbose 2 Copyright : Geant4 Collaboration
G4WT1 > /run/initialize References : NIM A 506 (2003), 250-303
G4WT0 > /run/initialize : IEEE-TNS 53 (2006), 270-278
G4WT0 > /run/physicsModified : NIM A 835 (2016), 186-225
G4WT1 > /run/physicsModified WWW : http://geant4.org/
**************************************************************
<<< Reference Physics List QBBC
... ...
<snip> <snip>
...@@ -326,18 +331,27 @@ G4WT1 > /run/physicsModified ...@@ -326,18 +331,27 @@ G4WT1 > /run/physicsModified
================== Deleting memory pools =================== ================== Deleting memory pools ===================
Pool ID '20G4NavigationLevelRep', size : 0.00288 MB Pool ID '20G4NavigationLevelRep', size : 0.00288 MB
Pool ID '24G4ReferenceCountedHandleIvE', size : 0.000961 MB Pool ID '24G4ReferenceCountedHandleIvE', size : 0.000961 MB
Pool ID '17G4DynamicParticle', size : 0.000961 MB
Pool ID '24G4ClonedSmoothTrajectory', size : 0.000961 MB
Pool ID '29G4ClonedSmoothTrajectoryPoint', size : 0.000961 MB
Pool ID '15G4CountedObjectIvE', size : 0.000961 MB Pool ID '15G4CountedObjectIvE', size : 0.000961 MB
Number of memory pools allocated: 3; of which, static: 0 Number of memory pools allocated: 6; of which, static: 0
Dynamic pools deleted: 3 / Total memory freed: 0.0048 MB Dynamic pools deleted: 6 / Total memory freed: 0.0077 MB
============================================================ ============================================================
G4Allocator objects are deleted. G4Allocator objects are deleted.
UImanager deleted. UImanager deleted.
StateManager deleted. StateManager deleted.
RunManagerKernel is deleted. Good bye :) RunManagerKernel is deleted. Good bye :)
RunManager is deleted.
``` ```
## Tips ## ## Tips ##
- Root
- ROOT comes with a web-based browser, which is now being started. Revert to TBrowser by setting "Browser.Name: TRootBrowser" in rootrc file. Or starting "root --web=off"
- libtbb must beinstalled `sudo apt install -y libtbb12`
- Geant4 - Geant4
- You check the Geant4 datasets installation using the command: - You check the Geant4 datasets installation using the command:
`geant4-config --check-datasets` `geant4-config --check-datasets`
......